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Spirit Lake (Washington)
Spirit Lake is a lake north of Mount St. Helens in Washington State. The lake was a popular tourist destination for many years until the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Prior to 1980, there were six camps on the shore of Spirit Lake: a Boy Scout camp (Columbia Pacific Council), a Girl Scout camp, two YMCA camps (Longview YMCA camp Loowit, and Portland YMCA camp), Harmony Fall Lodge, and another for the general public. There were also a number of lodges catering to visitors, including Spirit Lake Lodge and Mt. St. Helens Lodge; the latter was inhabited by Harry R. Truman, who became one of the volcano's victims.〔Anderson, DA (2013) ''Mount St. Helens.'' Arcadia Publishing, San Francisco, California. 126 pp. ISBN 9781467130554〕
== Pre-1980 eruption ==
Prior to 1980, Spirit Lake consisted of two arms that occupied what had been the valleys of the North Fork Toutle River and a tributary. About 4,000 years ago, these valleys were blocked by lahars and pyroclastic flow deposits from Mount St. Helens to form the pre-1980 Spirit Lake. The longest branch of Spirit Lake was about long. A stable outlet channel flowed from the lake to the North Fork Toutle River across a natural dam composed of volcanic material. The level of Spirit Lake remained basically stable, at an altitude of about .〔〔Hopson, CA (2008) ''(Geologic Map of Mount St. Helens, Washington Prior to the 1980 Eruption.'' ) Scale 1:62,500, Open-File Report no. 2002-468. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.〕〔Lipman, PW., and DR Mullineaux, eds. (1981) (''The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington.'' ) Professional Paper no. 1250. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. 844 pp.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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